Key result
Bioinformatic analysis links 11 genes to MVP and AF, highlighting immune infiltration.
Why the study?
AF worsens MR prognosis despite advances in transcatheter valve devices, but effective strategies targeting precise pathophysiology and genetic mechanisms remain scarce.
Bioinformatic analysis identified 11 co-expressed genes and highlighted the role of immune cells, particularly antigen-presenting cells and B cells, in the pathogenesis of mitral valve prolapse complicated by atrial fibrillation.
Immune infiltration merits preclinical exploration in mitral valve prolapse with atrial fibrillation; hypothesis-generating and should not change practice.
Background: Mitral regurgitation (MR) is one of the most prevalent valvular diseases. Degenerated MR-induced volume overload leads to left atrial enlargement and eventually, atrial fibrillation (AF). AF has a negative effect on patient prognosis despite recent advances in minimal invasive transcatheter devices for valve surgery. However, more effective strategies aimed at precisely treating from pathophysiology and genetic perspective are scarce. Methods: The gene expression datasets, GSE109744 and GSE79768, were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and analyzed to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in patients with mitral value prolapse (MVP) and AF. Subsequently, we predicted the extensive miRNA targets, and the protein-protein interaction (PPI) and miRNA-target gene regulatory networks were established. Functional enrichment analyses were performed for the DEGs. In addition, the co-expressed DEGs coupled with their predicted miRNAs and disease phenotypes involved in MVP and AF were assessed. Finally, the immune infiltration in both datasets was examined. Results: . The enriched Gene Ontology terms and KEGG pathways associated with the DEGs were determined, and the top 10 hub genes and top 3 gene clusters were selected from the PPI network. A prediction of target miRNAs was performed based on the co-expressed DEGs. The enrichment of the co-expressed DEGs suggested that immune and inflammatory responses might be involved in the disease development through multiple immune related pathways, including the interaction of cytokines and chemokines. Notably, this result was consistent with the immune infiltration analysis since the proportions of naïve B cells and memory B cells were significantly different in MVP and AF tissues compared to normal tissues. Conclusions: MR and AF are related, and 11 co-expressed DEGs were found to be significantly associated with MVP with AF, and indeed, these may represent novel biomarkers. Several immune cells were found to contribute to the process of MVP and AF via diverse mechanisms, in particular, antigen-presenting cells.
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Li et al. (2022) studied Mitral regurgitation complicated by atrial fibrillation. Bioinformatic analysis of gene expression datasets vs. Normal tissues was evaluated on Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and immune infiltration. Bioinformatic analysis identified 11 co-expressed differentially expressed genes significantly associated with mitral valve prolapse and atrial fibrillation, highlighting the role of immune infiltration.
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