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Conventional adaptive beamformers utilizing some form of automatic minimization of mean square error exhibit signal cancellation phenomena when adapting rapidly. These effects result from adaptive interaction between signal and interference, when signal and interference are received simultaneously. Similar phenomena have been observed and analyzed in relatively simple adaptive noise cancelling systems. A study of these phenomena in the simpler systems is used to provide insight into similar behavior in adaptive antennas. A method for alleviating signal cancellation has been devised by Duvall, whereby the signal components are removed from the adaptive process, then reinserted to form the final system output. Widrow has devised a different solution to the problem: to move the receiving array spatially (or electronically) to modulate emanations received off the look direction, without distorting useful signals incident from the look direction. This approach is called "spatial dither" and introduces the additional possibility of modulating "smart" jammer signals, thereby limiting their effectiveness.
Widrow et al. (Sat,) studied this question.