Theoretical analysis reveals a family of periodic quantum vacua in Yang-Mills theory, indicating intrinsic violations of CP and chiral symmetries.
We propose a description of the vacuum in Yang-Mills theory and arrive at a physical interpretation of the pseudoparticle solution and the attendant violation of symmetries. The existence of topologically inequivalent classical gauge fields gives rise to a family of quantum mechanical vacua, parametrized by a CP-nonconserving angle. The requirement of vacuum stability against gauge transformations renders the vacua chirally noninvariant.
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Jackiw et al. (1976) studied this question.
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