Rapid atrial pacing for 24 hours increased the percentage of sites where AF could be induced from 2.6% to 11.8% (P=0.007), driven by nonuniform remodeling of atrial refractoriness.
Does rapid atrial pacing cause nonuniform electrical remodeling and increase vulnerability to atrial fibrillation in dogs?
Atrial tachycardia causes nonuniform remodeling of atrial refractoriness, increasing ERP heterogeneity, which plays a key role in enhancing atrial vulnerability to AF.
Absolute Event Rate: 11.8% vs 2.6%
p-value: p=0.007
BACKGROUND: Rapid atrial activation causes electrical remodeling that promotes the occurrence and the maintenance of atrial fibrillation (AF). Although remodeling has been shown to alter electrophysiological variables, the spatial uniformity of these changes is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS: Dogs subjected to rapid atrial pacing (400 bpm) for 24 hours (n=12) were compared with sham-operated dogs (instrumented but not paced, n=12). Epicardial mapping (240 bipolar electrodes) and extrastimulation at a large number of sites (mean+/-SEM, 66+/-4 per dog) were used to evaluate atrial activation and the heterogeneity of the effective refractory period (ERP), respectively. Rapid pacing increased both the percentage of sites at which AF could be induced by single premature stimuli (from 2.6+/-0.9% to 11.8+/-2.8%, P=0.007) and AF duration (from 39+/-28 to 146+/-49 seconds, P=0.03). Atrial tachycardia decreased atrial ERP (from 120+/-4 to 103+/-2 ms, P=0.003), increased the coefficient of variation of ERP (from 14.9+/-0.9% to 20.7+/-0.9%, P<0.0001), and accelerated conduction velocity (from 91+/-2 to 108+/-3 cm/s, P=0.0004), with no change in the wavelength. The increase in ERP heterogeneity was due both to interregional differences in the extent of ERP remodeling and to increased intersite variability within regions. Stepwise multilinear regression indicated that ERP heterogeneity was an independent determinant of the inducibility (P<0.0001) and duration (P<0.0001) of AF, whereas ERP per se and wavelength were not significant determinants. Combined mapping of AF induction and atrial ERP showed that premature extrastimuli induced AF at sites with short ERP by causing local conduction slowing and/or block in adjacent zones with longer ERP values. CONCLUSIONS: Atrial tachycardia causes nonuniform remodeling of atrial refractoriness that plays an important role in increasing atrial vulnerability to AF induction and the duration of induced AF.
Fareh et al. (1998) studied Atrial fibrillation (n=24). Rapid atrial pacing vs. Sham-operated was evaluated on Percentage of sites at which AF could be induced by single premature stimuli (p=0.007). Rapid atrial pacing for 24 hours increased the percentage of sites where AF could be induced from 2.6% to 11.8% (P=0.007), driven by nonuniform remodeling of atrial refractoriness.