The degrees of freedom of an image formed by any real instrument are only a finite number, while those those of the object are an infinite number. Several different objects may correspond to the same image.It is shown that in the case of coherent illumination a large class of objects corresponding to a given image can be found very easily. Two-point resolution is impossible unless the observer has a priori an infinite amount of information about the object.
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G. Toraldo di Francia (1955) studied this question.
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