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This paper considers an uplink massive MIMO scheme that employs a pilot reuse scheme. For the massive MIMO scheme, a non-asymptotic cell throughput lower bound that is valid for any M is derived and the bound is shown to be tight by simulations. The lower bound is dependent upon three interference terms: intra-cell interference, inter-cell interference, and interference due to pilot contamination. A set of conditions on which each interference term dominates is examined by analysis and simulations, where the conditions are defined in terms of network topology, pilot reuse number and M. For example, for a dense network with M = 100, the largest cell throughput is achieved with pilot reuse number 2, in which case the traditional inter-cell interference dominates rather than the pilot contamination.
Li et al. (Sat,) studied this question.