Some mechanisms involved in the development of iron toxicity symptoms in the rice plant

Bronzing of the rice plant in Ceylon has been postulated as iron toxicity (1, 2). The symptoms are characterized by the development of scattered reddish brown spots on the lower leaves; the spots spread over the leaves, the whole leaf becomes brown, and the lower leaves start to turn dark gray and die. “Akagare” in Japan is also considered to be related to excess of iron (3, 4).