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We report various types of coherent structures in suspensions of spherical particles swimming in a monolayer. We solve the fluid dynamics precisely from far-field hydrodynamic interactions to lubrication between two near-contact surfaces. The simulation results clearly illustrate that coherent structures, such as aggregation, mesoscale spatiotemporal motion, and band formation, can be generated by purely hydrodynamic interactions.
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Ishikawa et al. (2008) studied this question.
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