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Significance Hydrogen peroxide is closely associated with many important physiological and pathological events. Herein, we develop a liposomal nanoprobe for in vivo H 2 O 2 -responsive chromogenic assay, which is highly specific and sensitive to H 2 O 2 . Using such a nanoprobe, photoacoustic imaging of H 2 O 2 -related inflammation processes in mice induced by either LPS or bacteria is realized. Meanwhile, such a nanoprobe, by reacting with endogenous H 2 O 2 produced by tumor cells, allows sensitive photoacoustic imaging of early-stage small tumors and orthotopic brain glioma and even enables accurate differentiation of metastatic sentinel lymph nodes from nonmetastatic ones. Furthermore, owing to its H 2 O 2 -responsive near-infrared absorbance, selective photothermal ablation of tumors is also achieved, illustrating the promise of using this nanoproble for tumor theranostics with great specificity.
Chen et al. (Mon,) studied this question.