Mapping the gut microbiota-diabetic peripheral neuropathy research landscape: a bibliometric analysis of emerging trends and translational frontiers

Background Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) constitutes the most prevalent chronic complication of diabetes mellitus, affecting approximately 50% of patients throughout their disease course. Accumulating evidence indicates that gut microbiota (GM) dysbiosis plays a pivotal role in DPN pathogenesis via the gut-brain axis. However, a comprehensive bibliometric analysis delineating the intellectual landscape and evolutionary trajectory of this rapidly advancing research domain remains absent. Methods Publications pertaining to gut microbiota and DPN were systematically retrieved from the Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus databases (spanning 2010–2025). CiteSpace 6.4.R1 was employed to perform co-occurrence, clustering, timeline, burst detection, and co-citation analyzes, thereby visualizing the field’s intellectual structure and developmental trends. Results A total of 133 publications met the inclusion criteria, exhibiting exponential growth after 2018 with an average annual increase of 35.7%. Keyword analysis identified core research clusters centered on GM, neuropathic pain, the gut-brain axis, and therapeutic interventions such as fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), traditional Chinese medicine, and causal inference methodologies like Mendelian randomization. Burst detection analysis revealed a temporal shift from foundational concepts (e.g., “oxidative stress”, “inflammation”) toward interventional strategies (e.g., “fecal microbiota transplantation”, “traditional Chinese medicine”) and causal inference approaches (e.g., “Mendelian randomization”). Co-citation analysis highlighted seminal contributions, including clinical trials demonstrating FMT efficacy and animal studies elucidating the role of microbial metabolites such as butyrate. Conclusion This study presents the inaugural bibliometric analysis of the GM-DPN research field. The domain is transitioning from establishing associative links to elucidating causal mechanisms and evaluating targeted interventions. Keyword trend analysis underscores a convergence toward a multi-mechanistic gut-brain axis model. Future research priorities derived from the literature encompass clinical translation, multi-omics integration, and personalized therapeutic strategies.