A Review of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell-Related Neurotoxicity

SUMMARY: Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has revolutionized the management of hematologic malignancies but presents unique challenges due to associated neurotoxicity, particularly immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS). Neuroradiologists are involved in early identification and monitoring of neurotoxicity to support timely and appropriate clinical interventions. This article reviews the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and imaging features of CAR T-cell–related neurotoxicity, supplemented by representative imaging examples.