Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the most severe gastrointestinal diseases in newborns, predominantly affecting premature and low birth weight infants. Despite significant advances in neonatology, NEC remains associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. The etiology of necrotizing enterocolitis is multifactorial and includes intestinal immaturity, hypoxic-ischemic injury, microbial dysbiosis, inflammatory reactions, and enteral feeding disturbances. This literature review analyzes modern concepts regarding the etiological factors and pathogenetic mechanisms involved in the development of NEC in newborns.
Istamovna et al. (Fri,) studied this question.