Comparative Anatomical Analysis of Cerebral Blood Supply and Vascular Variations

Cerebral blood supply plays a vital role in maintaining normal brain metabolism, neuronal activity, and neurological function. The brain receives arterial blood mainly through the internal carotid and vertebrobasilar systems, which are connected by the circle of Willis. Anatomical variations in cerebral vessels are common and may influence cerebral hemodynamics, collateral circulation, and susceptibility to cerebrovascular diseases. The aim of this article is to analyze the anatomical features of cerebral blood supply and compare the most common vascular variations. The findings show that variations such as hypoplasia or absence of communicating arteries, asymmetry of vertebral arteries, fetal-type posterior cerebral artery, and arterial branching differences may have important clinical significance. Understanding cerebral vascular anatomy and its variations is essential for neurology, neurosurgery, radiology, and stroke prevention.