Exploring the potential of nature-based solutions in informal settlements upgrading: a transformative approach for Sub-Saharan Africa

This perspective examines the inclusive design and planning processes to implement nature-based solutions (NbS) in informal settlements of Sub-Saharan Africa, comparing a case study in Kigali, Rwanda with other approaches in the region. In these settings, existing socio-ecological infrastructure and less distinctive boundaries between urban and natural systems create opportunities for networks of micro-projects to gain traction. The paper discusses a framework of participatory design for network-based NbS interventions to enhance their uptake and expand strategic implementation over time using capacities available in these contexts.