The modern microprocessor is among the world's most complex systems, but at its heart is a very simple, and we think beautiful, device: the transistor. There are billions of them in a microprocessor today, and they are nearly all identical. So improving the performance and boosting the density of these transistors is the most straightforward way to make microprocessors - and the computers they power - work better.
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Ye et al. (2019) studied this question.