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Connections of embedded wind generation (EWG) in the rural distribution system are susceptible to voltage rise. Current operating policy, based on the passive operation of the distribution network, limits the capacity of connected generation based on extreme conditions of minimum load and maximum generation. It is demonstrated that an active distribution network will allow considerably greater penetration of EWG. Three alternative control strategies are evaluated to increase the penetration level of EWG: EWG generation curtailment during low demand; reactive power management using a reactive compensator; and area-based OLTC co-ordinated voltage control. The application of these schemes is illustrated on a rurally connected 11 kV wind farm in a realistic 265-node generic distribution system model. Advanced optimal power flow is used to quantify the benefits of alternative control schemes for various EWG penetration levels. The impact of these schemes on network losses is also assessed.
Liew et al. (Tue,) studied this question.