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The Bacher and Gouds ll1i t t heor y expresses the energy of a state of an atom in t erms ?f a lineal: combination of energies of states of other ions of t h e same ato m. T his t heor y IS tested 111 the sp ectra II'lth da nd s-electron s a nd general conclusion s drawn abo ut its accul"ft.cy . .
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R. E. Trees (1954) studied this question.
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