Social Determinants of Health Associated With SARS-CoV-2 Testing and Vaccine Attitudes in a Cross-Sectional Study of Latinx Individuals in Oregon

Introduction: Latinx communities have reported higher barriers to SARS-CoV-2 testing and vaccination and experienced disproportionate COVID-19 burden, especially compared with non-Latinx Whites. Social determinants of health models explain health inequities; however, it is unknown how each social determinant of health is associated with SARS-CoV-2 testing and vaccination attitudes among Latinx Americans. This study determined the relative importance of social determinants of health indicators on testing and vaccine attitudes among Latinxs and whether English proficiency and parental nativity moderate associations. Methods: Cross-sectional survey data were collected between January and December 2022. Multilevel structural equation path modeling addressed the nonindependence of respondents nested within 52 SARS-CoV-2 testing sites across Oregon, U.S. Equality constraints were used to test for differences in the magnitudes of the associations. Conclusions: Findings from this study identified distinct social determinants of health paths to testing and vaccine attitudes among Latinxs as well as by English proficiency and parental nativity. These results inform culturally responsive disease prevention for Latinx subgroups.