Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Morus, Iwan, and Peter Bowler, Making Modern Science: a historical survey (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005), pp.viii+529 RAE2008
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
A 2005 study studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 10 related papers. Consider them for comparative context: