The Role of 2D and 3D Echo in Mitral Stenosis

Figures

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  Figure 1. Zoom 3D image focused on the mitral valve from the mid-esophageal, four chamber view depicting mitral valve anatomy.

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  Figure 2. Parasternal long-axis view showing the A2 and P2 mitral scallops.

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  Figure 3. Parasternal short-axis view showing the posteromedial (PM) and anterolateral (AL) commissures and the mitral scallops.

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  Figure 4. (A) Apical four chamber view depicting the P1, A2, and A3 mitral scallops. (B,C) Continuous wave Doppler parallel to the mitral inflow in apical four-chamber view. The Doppler profile (B) and the deceleration slope of the E wave (C) are traced to obtain the transmitral gradients and the PHT respectively.

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  Figure 5. (A) Mid-esophageal four chamber view. (B) Color Doppler at the mitral valve level in a mid-esophageal four chamber view. (C) Continuous wave Doppler parallel to the mitral inflow in mid-esophageal four chamber view.

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  Figure 6. Zoom 3D focused on the mitral valve from the apical four chamber view.

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  Figure 7. Zoom 3D focused on the mitral valve as view from the left atrium with the aorta placed superiorly (surgical view).

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  Figure 8. Zoom 3D focused on the mitral valve from the mid-esophageal four chamber view. Multiplanar reconstruction to perform 3D planimetry.

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  Figure 9. Analysis of zoom 3D dataset focused on the mitral valve obtained from the mid-esophageal four chamber view. Multiple short-axis slices are reconstructed to help identify the narrowest mitral valve orifice.