A clinical case of severe Duchenne muscular dystrophy caused by a nonsense mutation in the DMD gene in a girl

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a hereditary progressive muscular dystrophy, mainly manifested in boys, is characterized by the onset at an early age, gradual symmetrical atrophy of the striated musculature of the limbs, trunk, as well as damage to the heart muscle. As a rule, girls and women inheriting a pathological mutation are classified only as its carriers and do not have clinical manifestations of the disease. Rare cases when women or girls show clinical manifestations of DMD may be due to chromosomal rearrangements involving the region of the short arm of the X chromosome (Xp21.2), deletions of this region, complete loss of the X chromosome (Shereshevsky-Turner syndrome), homogenous X chromosome dysomnia, compound heterozygous state for two pathogenic mutations in the DMD gene, nonequilibrium inactivation of the X chromosome. When female mutation carriers have DMD clinical symptoms, they usually manifest much milder than boys and young males. Descriptions of patients with the severe course and rapid progression of the disease, comparable in the rate of progression with boys, are rare. In this article, the authors share their experience of observing a girl patient who suffered from a severe form of DMD.