Quality of life of ice hockey players after retirement due to concussions

Figures

• 

  Figure 1.. Concussions. gCC: Group Concussion concerns; gCS: Group Concussion Symptoms.

• 

  Figure 2.. The Sport Concussion Assessment Tool for grading of symptoms. Symptom severity is reported in seven scales, 0 is no symptom, 1 represents a mild degree of suffering from the symptom and 6 the maximum suffering from the symptom. (A) Shows the symptoms in group Concussion Symptoms and (B) shows the symptoms in group Concussion Concerns.

• 

  Figure 3.. The Short Form Health Survey assessing health-related quality of life. Eight subscales; PF, RP, SF, RE, BP, VT, MH and GH. Scores are recorded between 0 and 100, higher scores indicating better health-related quality of life. The scales are presented with means and a 95% confidence interval in age- and gender-matched norms, gCC and gCS. In (A) males aged 15–44 are shown. There are 38 males in gCS aged 15–44 and 30 males in gCC aged 15–44. Significant differences are seen when comparing gCS to gCC, gCS to norms and gCC to norms. In (B) females aged 15–44 are shown. There are five females in gCS aged 15–44 and one female in gCC aged 15–44, therefore, a large confidence interval can be seen in gCS and it is not calculated for gCC. BP: Bodily pain; gCC: Group Concussion Concerns; gCS: Group Concussion Symptoms; GH: General health; MH: Mental health; PF: Physical function; RE: Role emotional; RP: Role physical; SF: Social function; VT: Vitality.

• 

  Figure 4.. Correlation Sports Concussion Assessment Tool with Short Form Health Survey and impact of event scale-revised. Correlation between the SCAT with the SF-36 and the IES-R in gCS and gCC. (A) Higher values on SCAT symptom severity correlates negatively with lower values on SF-36. High values on SCAT indicates a high symptom burden and low values on SF-36 indicates a bad rating of health-related quality of life. The correlation is significant for gCS (p < 0.001), for gCC (p < 0.001) and hence for all athletes (p < 0.001). (B) Higher values on SCAT symptom severity correlates positively with higher values on IES-R. High values on IES-R indicates a high burden of post-traumatic stress. The correlation is significant for gCS (p < 0.001), although not for gCC (p = 0.20). Calculated for all athletes there is a significant correlation (p < 0.001). (C) Higher values on SCAT numbers of symptoms correlates negatively with lower values on SF-36. High values on SCAT indicates more symptoms and low values on SF-36 indicates a bad rating of health-related quality of life. The correlation is significant for gCS (p < 0.001), for gCC (p < 0.001) and hence for all athletes (p < 0.001). (D) Higher…