) deposition through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions. Pinocembrin a compound of propolis, plays a role in nuclear factor kappa B (NF-B) suppression of microglial activation via its proteolytic degradation and even enhances synaptic plasticity. Phospholipase A2 and melittin inhibited the acetylcholinesterase activity by raising the level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Royal jelly has a neurotrophic impact, proven to promote neuroprogenitor cell proliferation, while bee pollen enhances cognitive function via extracellular signal-regulated kinase- cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein (ERK-CREB) signaling. Apilarnil can protect and stimulate nerves and possesses anti-inflammatory properties. Despite the notion that apitherapy has a promising role in the management of, challenges including standardization, bioavailability, and clinical validation, warrant more attention prior to the implication in the drug discovery field.
Rashwan et al. (Fri,) studied this question.