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Case reports describe the varied presentation of retrosternal goiter, with implications for diagnosis and management.
Retrosternal goiter (RSG) is usually referred to as an enlarged thyroid gland with greater than 50% of its mass below the thoracic inlet. RSG is slow-growing in nature. Dyspnea on exertion is the most common presenting symptom due to the pressure effect of goiter on the trachea. Due to the increased use of radiological investigations, RSG is often diagnosed incidentally without any symptoms. Here, we present two cases of RSG with the presentation at two ends of the spectrum.
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Ramakrishnan et al. (2025) studied this question.
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