Analysis of the Fractional Mathematical Model for Lung Cancer Dynamics With the Effects of Chemotherapy, Hypoxia, and Immunotherapy

The study strives to formulate and examine a fractional nonlinear dynamic model of lung cancer that integrates the impacts of chemotherapy, hypoxia, and immunotherapy. The presence and uniqueness of the fractional lung cancer model have been shown. The Hyers–Ulam stability of the lung cancer model is examined as well. A lung cancer model has been assessed quantitatively using the Atangana–Toufik methodology. A computer simulation demonstrates that chemotherapy, hypoxia, and immunotherapy significantly reduce the dissemination of lung cancer to other regions.