Segmental Adenomyomatosis of the Gallbladder: A Benign Entity Presenting as a Surgical Dilemma

Gallbladder adenomyomatosis is a benign non-inflammatory condition of the gallbladder characterised by hyperplastic changes of the mucosa and thickening of the muscular wall. It represents one of the three morphologic types of adenomyomatosis—fundal (localised), segmental and diffuse—with the segmental type being the second most common type. It can present as a symptomatic gallbladder disease since it is often associated with the formation of gallstones due to bile obstruction. This case report views a 59-year-old male patient with a history of recurrent vomiting for the past two months, which is associated with intermittent pain in the upper quadrant of the abdomen and a significant reduction in appetite, thus requiring surgical treatment. A USG, along with magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) analysis, confirmed the clinical diagnosis along with gallbladder stones. This case elaborates on the radiological, clinical, and surgical range of annular adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder and signifies the need for timely surgical intervention in a case of recurrent vomiting, which helped in improving patient outcomes.