Supplement argues Z'-bosons are impossible, implicating structural limits in physics, suggesting alternative explanations for observed interactions.
The study by Gaul, Cong and Budker (2026) interprets parity violation measurements on barium monofluoride molecules (BaF) as evidence for a new vector-boson-mediated interaction between electrons and atomic nuclei beyond the Standard Model, carried by hypothetical Z'-bosons of a new gauge group U(1)'. This supplement demonstrates on two independent grounds that Z'-bosons cannot exist. First, theory-independent objections apply: anomaly consistency conditions require unnamed new fermions, electroweak precision tests are incompatible with the implied Z-Z' mixing, and cosmological bounds exclude a new light U(1)' interaction. Second, fossil gravity theory shows structurally: the 12 degrees of freedom of the four-dimensional causal structure are fully exhausted by U(1) x SU(2) x SU(3). No degree of freedom for an additional gauge group exists - algebraically, not approximately. What Gaul et al. observe has a fossil explanation without new entities: the Z_S term of the fossil unification equation describes the sought interaction as a geometric effect of causal condensation. The fossil theory explains more with less.
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Bodo Wartenberg (2026) studied this question.
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