Wireless Hybrid Self-Powered Sensor Using PVDF-Ecoflex Composite for Enhanced Energy Harvesting

This is the authors' abstract. We don't add key points for this paper.

The rapid growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) has increased the demand for wearable human-machine interaction (HMI) devices, where sensors play a crucial role in detecting physical inputs and converting them into electrical signals. However, conventional sensors are rigid, bulky, and power-dependent, limiting their application on soft and irregular surfaces like human skin. Here, we propose a piezoelectric/triboelectric hybrid generator (PT-HG) using a composite film to achieve simultaneous piezoelectric and triboelectric charge generation. This sensor produces a higher voltage (~ 2.0 ~V) than a PVDF-only film (~ 1.0 ~V) under a 10 N force and is integrated into a wireless power transfer (WPT) system using capacitive coupling, achieving a 30 cm wireless transmission distance with a received voltage of 0.04 V. A proof-of-concept application is demonstrated in a wireless human-machine interface for smart rehabilitation, where the sensor functions as a self-powered switch in an interactive game. The results highlight the potential of the proposed PT-HG for self-powered wearable electronics, wireless HMI systems, and assistive technologies.