Key result
Suboptimal diet linked to a ~16% rise in hypertension-related CKD mortality, driven by low fruit intake.
Why the study?
Suboptimal diet remains a major threat to chronic kidney disease and hypertension, but the burden of diet-attributable chronic kidney disease due to hypertension has been poorly quantified and reported.
Observational
Yes
Effect estimate: AAPC 0.5% (95% CI 0.4-0.6)
Absolute Event Rate: 4.3% vs 3.7%
p-value: p=<0.001
The global burden of chronic kidney disease due to hypertension attributable to dietary risks has increased significantly from 1990 to 2021, highlighting the need for public health interventions targeting unhealthy diets.
Supports dietary public health strategies for HCKD; leaves causal role and interventions open pending prospective data.
Background: Suboptimal diet remains a major threat to chronic kidney diseases (CKD) and hypertension, however, the burden of diet-attributable CKD due to hypertension (HCKD) has been poorly quantified and reported. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date view of global temporal and geographical trends in diet-attributable HCKD burden. Methods: Data on diet-attributable HCKD burden were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2021. Number and age-standardized rates (ASR) of mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) with their average annual percentage change (AAPC) were used to describe the diet-attributable HCKD burden. Decomposition analysis was employed to assess the contributions of aging, population, and epidemiological changes to HCKD burden. Results: Globally, the ASR of mortality (ASMR) and DALYs (ASDR) of diet-attributable HCKD among adults aged ≥25 years increased from 3.7 (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 2.0-5.6) and 91.7 (50.1-140.1) per 100,000 population in 1990 to 4.3 (2.3-6.7) and 101.2 (56.0-154.5) per 100,000 population in 2021, respectively. Both mortality and DALYs of diet-attributable HCKD burden in 2021 were higher among males than females. Low fruit and low vegetable intake contributed the most to the diet-attributable HCKD burden. The highest ASMR and ASDR of diet-attributable HCKD were observed in Central Sub-Saharan Africa, whereas the lowest were observed in Eastern Europe. The older adult population had higher mortality and DALYs than other age groups. Decomposition analysis showed that population growth mainly contributed to HCKD burden, particularly in low SDI regions. Conclusion: The diet-attributable HCKD burden is increasing at an alarming rate globally, especially in low SDI countries and older adults. This study emphasizes the urgent need for rigorous public health interventions to change unhealthy dietary behaviors and decrease diet-attributable HCKD burden worldwide.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Huang et al. (2025) conducted an observational in Chronic kidney disease due to hypertension (HCKD). Suboptimal diet (dietary risks) vs. 1990 baseline was evaluated on Age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) per 100,000 population (AAPC 0.5%, 95% CI 0.4-0.6, p=<0.001). Suboptimal diet, particularly low fruit intake, increased the global age-standardized mortality rate of hypertension-related chronic kidney disease from 3.7 in 1990 to 4.3 per 100,000 in 2021.
Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context: