Two [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) derivatives with side-chain-attaching amine end groups, PCBDAN and PCBDANI, are synthesized. Both PCBDAN and PCBDANI show excellent photovoltaic performance as cathode buffer layers to replace Ca in polymer solar cells.
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Li et al. (2013) studied this question.
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