Two different approaches were used to adapt a compression ignition engine to operate with anhydrous ammonia fuel. The first version was achieved by simply supplying ammonia vapor in the induction air system and using the fuel injection system to furnish a pilot charge of diesel fuel for ignition purposes. The second version was a conversion to spark ignition. Direct injection of liquid ammonia into a high compression ratio (30:1) engine was attempted and was unsuccessful.
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Pearsall et al. (1967) studied this question.
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