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In their recent, straightforward overview of the evolution of Emydid Turtles, Stephens and Wiens (2003) treat Emys orbicularis (Linnaeus, 1758) as a strictly “aquatic” and “carnivorous” turtle. This interpretation directly draws from the current point of view about the ecology of E. orbicularis. Interestingly, E. orbicularis is the only species within the subfamily Emydinae considered to be both strictly aquatic and carnivorous. As a consequence, within emydid turtles, two simultaneous changes in diet and habitat have been invoked in the evolution of E. orbicularis: the recent ancestors of E. orbicularis were likely omnivore and semi-terrestrial (habitat and dietary generalist), thus it has been hypothesized that E. orbicularis evolved a more specialised ecology, becoming strictly carnivorous and aquatic, and thus a habitat and dietary specialist (Stephens and Wiens, 2003). It is worth noting that, following this reconstruction, E. orbicularis is the only taxon (out of 64 analysed by Stephens and Wiens) in which a simultaneous change in habitat and diet seems to have occurred. However, evidences from recent studies suggest that E. orbicularis is not strictly carnivorous or aquatic: these findings suggest that the “simultaneous changes” hypothesis could be caused by a bias in the existing literature about E. orbicularis. A reanalysis of available data about the ecology of E. orbicularis can also
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Ficetola et al. (2006) studied this question.
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