Causality and its violation in f(R,Lₘ,φ ,gμ ν∇ _μ φ ∇ _ν φ ) gravity

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Key Points

The aim is to explore the causal structure of rotating cosmological solutions in a modified gravity model.
Investigated a gravitational model based on an arbitrary function of the Ricci scalar, matter Lagrangian density, scalar field, and kinetic term.
Analyzed rotating cosmological solutions using Gödel and Gödel-type spacetimes.
Examined different matter sources, including perfect fluids and scalar-field configurations.
Found that the standard Gödel metric is incompatible with the scalar sector unless it reduces to General Relativity.
Gödel-type geometries allow for a wider range of solutions with variable causal properties based on model parameters and matter content.
Perfect-fluid sources can result in either causal or noncausal configurations, while scalar-field configurations maintain causality, avoiding closed timelike curves.

Analyzes causal properties in rotating cosmological solutions, indicating implications for gravity theories.

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Evangelista et al. (2026) studied this question.

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