Pain in cancer patients involves complex interactions between physiological, psychological, sociocultural, sensory, cognitive, and behavioral dimensions. Pain management interventions will be most effective when pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments are individualized after exploring the various contributors to pain and suffering, and the patient and family are educated and involved in decision making. This entails a systematic multidimensional approach with frequent reassessments of pain and related outcomes.
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Dalal et al. (2013) studied this question.
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