Self-contained indoor positioning on off-the-shelf mobile devices

We introduce a novel self-contained seamless positioning solution for indoor and outdoor environments, well suited for and designed to be operated on off-the-shelf mobile phones. Position information is deduced from a combination of GNSS where available, combined with Pedestrian Dead Reckoning (PDR) utilizing inertial measurements and context-aware activity based map matching. The proposed system heavily exploits different types of human movement, such as walking, running, ascending or descending stairs, to improve the employed positioning model. In remaining independent from any external infrastructure, accurate localization is also possible in environments, where the installation and maintenance of such infrastructure does not make sense or is simply not affordable - as for example in a parking garage to guide a user to the next exit or back to his car. Concerning this particular use case we have also implemented an interface for the synchronization of location information between the mobile positioning solution and the car.