Maternal self‐efficacy beliefs, competence in parenting, and toddlers' behavior and developmental status

This study was designed to examine parenting self‐efficacy beliefs as correlates of mothers' competence in parenting toddlers and as predictors of toddlers' behavior and development. Sixty‐eight predominantly middle‐class mother–toddler pairs participated in this study. Mothers completed questionnaires, toddlers were administered the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID‐II), and each dyad participated in the Crowell Procedure, which is designed to observe parent and toddler behaviors in a semistructured laboratory context. Although domain‐general and domain‐specific parenting self‐efficacy beliefs were not associated with parenting competence, domain‐specific beliefs were significantly related to toddlers' scores on the Mental Scale of the BSID‐II and several behaviors observed during the Crowell Procedure (Affection Towards Mother, Avoidance of Mother, Compliance, Enthusiasm, and Negativity). Implications of the findings are discussed.