Student performances on the final exam in introductory economics courses taught online and in the classroom were compared to consider the effect of proctoring the final exam. Students who took a course in the classroom did better on a proctored final exam than those taking the course online. Students in an online class taking a nonproctored final exam online scored more than one full letter grade higher than those taking a proctored final.
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Cheryl J. Wachenheim (2009) studied this question.
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