Resilience Enhancement via Automatic Switching considering Direct Load Control Program and Energy Storage Systems

This paper presents a dynamic model to improve the resilience of the distribution network during contingent events. In this model, when an event occurs, the system operator maximizes power supply by changing the network topology as well as utilizing the direct load control (DLC) program. The model is implemented on a modified IEEE 69-bus distribution system and includes three types of residential, commercial and industrial loads. First, numerous scenarios are generated based on weather forecasting, and then the problem is solved for high-probability scenarios. It is noteworthy that industrial loads are considered as vital loads and the priority of load supply is for industrial, residential and commercial loads, respectively. The final problem is formulated as mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) problem and solved by CPLEX solver in GAMS software. The effect of dynamic topology on load supply has been investigated. In addition, the impact of using the DLC program and electrical energy storage systems (EES) systems on load supply been studied in detail.