A Low Early High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Level Is an Independent Predictor of In-hospital Death in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome

Objective In patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in samples collected after an overnight fast are diagnostic indicators and well-established predictors of adverse outcomes. However, the relationship between the HDL-C levels in samples collected just after arrival (early HDL-C) and in-hospital mortality remains unknown. The purposes of the present ACS study were to (1) evaluate the association between the early HDL-C levels of patients and in-hospital mortality and (2) compare the early HDL-C level with other well-known determinants associated with in-hospital mortality. Methods This retrospective study surveyed 638 consecutive ACS patients and then assessed the possible determinants of in-hospital mortality. All initial blood samples, including that for early HDL-C, were drawn within one hour of arrival. Results In the present study, the overall in-hospital mortality was 5.9%. A multivariable analysis showed that a low early HDL-C [odds ratio (OR) 2.53, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.14-5.62], elevated troponin T (OR 4.40, 95% CI 1.26-15.29) and high Killip class (OR 15.41, 95% CI 7.29-32.59) were independent predictors of in-hospital mortality. A Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that there the in-hospital outcome for the low early HDL-C group was significantly worse than that for the high early HDL-C group (age- and gender-adjusted hazard ratio 2.40, 95% CI 1.15-5.00, p=0.02). Conclusion ACS patients with low early HDL-C levels had higher in-hospital mortalities than those who did not have low early HDL-C levels. In addition to the already well-known determinants, low early HDL-C should also be considered as an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality in ACS patients who present to a cardiac care unit.