Predictors of anxiety in patients undergoing magnetic resonance imaging scans: a multicenter cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive diagnostic tool that is commonly used to visualize soft tissues and anatomical structures. Many patients who undergo MRI scans experience anxiety. This multicenter study was conducted to assess anxiety levels experienced by patients who underwent MRI scans in the Palestinian radiology departments and identify the risk factors associated with higher levels of anxiety experienced by the patients. METHODS: This multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted in the radiology departments of different hospitals in the West Bank of Palestine using a questionnaire. The questionnaire collected different demographic data of the patients. A 100-mm visual analog scale (VAS) was used to assess the level of anxiety experienced by the patients who received MRI scans. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 28. RESULTS: A total of 383 patients participated in this study. Of the patients, 255 (66.6%) reported experiencing low, moderate, or high anxiety levels during the MRI scan. The median anxiety was 20.0 with an interquartile range (IQR) of 0.0-50.0 as measured using the 100-mm VAS. Higher anxiety levels were reported by the patients who were female (p-value < 0.001), unemployed (p-value = 0.009), and did not receive an MRI scan before (p-value = 0.001). In addition, the patients who received pelvis scans reported higher levels of anxiety compared to those who received scans for upper extremities (p-value = 0.031), abdomen (p-value = 0.033), pelvis (p-value = 0.043), and lower extremities (p-value = 0.016). In addition, the patients who received scans for the head/neck reported higher levels of anxiety compared to the patients who received scans for the lower extremities (p-value = 0.021). CONCLUSION: The findings of this study showed that a considerable proportion of the patients who received MRI scans in Palestinian hospitals experience anxiety. Radiologists and other decision-makers in the healthcare system should design effective measures to reduce anxiety and improve the experiences of patients who are female, unemployed, and those who are scheduled to receive MRI scans for the first time. Moreover, these interventions should particularly focus on the patients who are scheduled to receive scans for the pelvis and head/neck.