Understanding the Pathophysiology of Chronic Pancreatitis: A Comprehensive Review Unraveling Pain Mechanisms and the Role of Psychosocial Factors

Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a fibro-inflammatory condition defined by permanent anatomical changes in the pancreas. The causes of CP are described by the TIGAR-O classification system: toxin-related, idiopathic, genetic mutations, autoimmune disorders, episodes of recurrent acute pancreatitis, and obstructions. Pain is multifactorial in nature, and common psychopathological consequences of CP, including depression and anxiety, complicate the clinical picture of chronic pancreatitis. As a result, the quality of life of patients with CP is decreased. This review describes the pathophysiology of pain and its relationship to underlying psychological consequences, with a focus on a long-term, holistic management approach. Strategies that combine physical and psychological management align with SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being). CP predominantly affects patients from low socioeconomic backgrounds due to disparities in medical care, underscoring the relevance of achieving SDG 10 (Reduced Inequalities). This review emphasizes the importance of targeted research in developing a holistic care model for CP that aligns with the SDGs.