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May 20, 2026NutrientsOpen Access

Effects of Low-Carbohydrate and Ketogenic Diets on Anaerobic Performance in Competitive Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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Authors

MGMateusz GawelczykJCJakub ChyckiAMAdam Maszczyk

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Overview

Systematic review evaluates carbohydrate-restricted diets' effects on anaerobic performance in athletes, highlighting mixed outcomes.

Key Points

  • This review aims to evaluate the impact of low-carbohydrate and ketogenic diets on anaerobic performance outcomes in trained athletes.
  • Systematic review and meta-analysis of 13 unique studies.
  • Comprehensive search across five electronic databases (PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, Cochrane).
  • Pooled estimates analyzed using random-effects models for various performance domains.
  • Maintained-to-slightly-improved peak power output (Cohen’s d = +0.29; 95% CI: −0.08 to +0.66).
  • Modestly impaired repeated sprint performance (d = −0.33; 95% CI: −0.80 to +0.14).
  • Significant reduction in blood lactate concentrations (d = −0.89; 95% CI: −1.20 to −0.58).

Cite This Study

Gawelczyk et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a0d50aff03e14405aa9ca4chttps://doi.org/10.3390/nu18101589
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  5. 5Effects of ketogenic diet on obesity indices, lipid profile, and glycemic control parameters in athletes: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials2026