Hidden misinformation in YouTube short videos on syphilis: A mixed-methods study

Objective: YouTube short videos constitute a key informational resource for individuals at high risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). We conducted a quality assessment of short videos about syphilis intended for the general public in Japan. Methods: In October 2024, a comprehensive sample of YouTube short videos on syphilis was retrieved using keywords frequently used to search for information on the disease. mDISCERN criteria were employed to assess the reliability of the information in the 72 videos selected for analysis. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to qualitatively examine misinformation embedded within the videos. Results: The mean mDISCERN score of the videos was 2.0 (SD 0.9) and 80 % of the videos did not meet the reliability criteria. One in five videos potentially hindered audience engagement in health behaviors by inducing fear of the disease, reinforcing stigma and insensitivity toward high-risk individuals, and punitively portraying those infected. Some of these messages originated from healthcare professionals, indicating their potential role in reinforcing such biases. Conclusion: YouTube short videos can support syphilis awareness and prevention, but difficulties with information reliability and lack of quality are common. Stigmatizing content may hinder health-seeking behaviors. Enhancing the quality and sensitivity of messages, particularly those from healthcare professionals, is essential to maximize their public health impact. Innovation: This study is among the first to analyze YouTube short videos about STIs, combining qualitative and quantitative methods to assess misinformation.