Key result
Dietary EPA supplementation (36 g/kg) in high-fat fed mice significantly reduced weight gain, fat mass, blood glucose, and hepatic steatosis after 10 weeks compared to high-fat diet alone.
Why the study?
Does EPA supplementation improve muscle lipid metabolism and apelin/APJ expression in high-fat fed mice?
Does EPA supplementation improve muscle lipid metabolism and apelin/APJ expression in high-fat fed mice?
Dietary EPA supplementation prevents obesity and metabolic alterations in high-fat diet-fed mice, potentially through paracrine/autocrine regulation of the apelin/APJ system in skeletal muscle.
Should not yet inform human use; hypothesis-generating for EPA via muscle apelin/APJ in diet-induced obesity.
Various studies have shown that eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) has beneficial effects on obesity and associated disorders. Apelin, the ligand of APJ receptor also exerts insulin-sensitizing effects especially by improving muscle metabolism. EPA has been shown to increase apelin production in adipose tissue but its effects in muscle have not been addressed. Thus, the effects of EPA supplementation (36 g/kg EPA) in high-fat diet (HFD) (45% fat, 20% protein, 35% carbohydrate) were studied in mice with focus on muscle lipid metabolism and apelin/APJ expression. Compared with HFD mice, HFD+EPA mice had significantly less weight gain, fat mass, lower blood glucose, insulinemia and hepatic steatosis after 10 weeks of diet. In addition, EPA prevented muscle metabolism alterations since intramuscular triglycerides were decreased and β-oxidation increased. In soleus muscles of HFD+EPA mice, apelin and APJ expression were significantly increased compared to HFD mice. However, plasma apelin concentrations in HFD and HFD+EPA mice were similar. EPA-induced apelin expression was confirmed in differentiated C2C12 myocytes but in this model, apelin secretion was also increased in response to EPA treatment. In conclusion, EPA supplementation in HFD prevents obesity and metabolic alterations in mice, especially in skeletal muscle. Since EPA increases apelin/APJ expression in muscle, apelin may act in a paracrine/autocrine manner to contribute to these benefical effects.
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Bertrand et al. (2013) studied High-fat diet-induced obesity and metabolic alterations. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) supplementation vs. High-fat diet (HFD) alone was evaluated on Weight gain, fat mass, blood glucose, insulinemia, and hepatic steatosis. Dietary EPA supplementation (36 g/kg) in high-fat fed mice significantly reduced weight gain, fat mass, blood glucose, and hepatic steatosis after 10 weeks compared to high-fat diet alone.
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