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Present-day work is related to particular behavioural (e.g. posture in nursing jobs), cognitive (e.g. complex problem solving in counselling jobs), and emotionally demanding tasks (e.g. aggressive customers in retail jobs) of the employee (Hockey, 2000). Such demanding aspects may lead to (short and long term) psychological and physical dysfunctioning, such as burnout, depression, cardiovascular diseases, and musculoskeletal problems (e.g. Hoogendoorn et al., 2000; Schaufeli and Enzmann, 1998; Schnall et al., 2000). Sickness absenteeism and work disablement may well be the consequences (Allegro and Veerman, 1998; Cooper, 1994).
Jan de Jonge and Christian Dormann (Thu,) studied this question.