Key result
Multispectral wrist devices combining Green and IR wavelengths yield greater SpO2 measurement accuracy.
Why the study?
Fingertip-attached SpO2 devices restrict hand movement, but conventional red and infrared wavelengths face limitations at the wrist due to differing perfusion and vascular characteristics.
Does a multispectral-based wearable photoplethysmographic device at the wrist provide accurate SpO2 measurements compared to a standard finger pulse oximeter in healthy volunteers?
Cross-Sectional
Does a multispectral-based wearable photoplethysmographic device at the wrist provide accurate SpO2 measurements compared to a standard finger pulse oximeter in healthy volunteers?
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
A multispectral photoplethysmographic device using Green and IR wavelengths at the wrist provides accurate SpO2 measurements, offering a potential alternative to finger-based pulse oximetry.
Wearable devices capable of monitoring oxygen saturation levels have become increasingly popular due to their convenience, portability, and potential for continuous monitoring. The variation in <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">SpO₂</tex> measurements at the finger and wrist depends on the penetration depth of the wavelengths, signal quality, and signal-to-noise ratios since these regions have different blood perfusion characteristics and vascular structures. There are limitations in using the Red and IR Wavelengths, which are used in conventional pulse oximeters, to be employed for the wrist region. The evaluation of the effect of different combinations of wavelengths at the finger and wrist demonstrates which region provides higher accuracy at multiple wavelengths. Since the fingertip-attached devices limit users' ability to move their hands freely, efforts have been taken to design and validate wrist-worn technologies to measure <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">SpO₂</tex>. Method: A Multispectral-based wrist-worn wearable Photoplethysmographic (MSPPG) device employs an optical bio-sensing, integrated BIOFY sensor to acquire the Photoplethysmographic (PPG) signals using three LEDs (Green-526nm, Red-660 nm, and IR- <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">950nm</tex>) and photo-detectors. The signals are acquired from the finger as well as from the wrist region of healthy volunteers, which are processed to obtain the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">SpO₂</tex> measurements keeping a standard pulse oximeter as a gold standard reference. The <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">SpO2</tex> obtained using the MSPPG signal from the finger and wrist is compared with the standard pulse oximeter. The comparison is made between <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Standard₋SpO₂</tex> and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Finger₋MSPPG₋SpO₂, Standard₋SpO₂</tex> and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Wrist₋MSPPG₋SpO₂,Finger₋MSPPG₋SpO₂</tex>, and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Wrist₋MSPPG₋SpO₂</tex>. The statistical analysis is performed using the Student's paired t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient, which confirms that the wrist shows greater accuracy while using the Green and IR combination of wavelengths. Conclusion: Wearable PPG-based devices face a significant issue of motion artifacts which can be overcome by using MSPPG. The research advancements can potentially increase the accessibility of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">SpO₂</tex> monitoring in resource-limited areas
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Devaki et al. (2023) conducted a cross-sectional in Healthy volunteers. Multispectral-based wrist-worn wearable Photoplethysmographic (MSPPG) device vs. Standard pulse oximeter was evaluated on SpO2 measurement accuracy. A multispectral-based wrist-worn photoplethysmographic device using a combination of Green and IR wavelengths demonstrated greater accuracy for SpO2 measurement at the wrist.
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