A Multilevel Framework of Six Sigma: A Systematic Review of the Literature, Possible Extensions, and Future Research

This paper systematically reviews and synthesizes the academic research on Six Sigma and business performance. The authors track the development of this body of research based on the literature from 2000 to 2012 and synthesize various perspectives into a comprehensive multilevel framework linking leadership, Six Sigma dimensions (organizational and project levels), and performance outcome. The analysis also identifies a measurement model that consists of factors and constructs from the reviewed literature that may help assess the precise nature of the relationship between various dimensions of Six Sigma and business performance. The paper provides implications for practice and suggests new avenues for future research, which would take one to a higher level of understanding of the Six Sigma phenomenon.