Reactive Interpreted Petri Nets: A Unified Framework for Dynamic Cyber-Physical System Modeling (2025)

Cyber-Physical Systems require advanced modeling frameworks to handle their hybrid nature, real-time adaptability, and environmental interactions. This paper introduces the Reactive Interpreted Petri Net approach, a novel extension of Petri nets that integrates a centralized knowledge repository, the BeliefStore, and supports the incorporation of Teleo-Reactive programs. This approach enables the modeling of both discrete and durative actions, providing a unified framework that combines formal analytical rigor with system adaptability. The framework supports rigorous analysis of properties such as safety, deadlock-freedom, and resource optimization. The applicability of this type of Petri nets is demonstrated through a case study on a parking management system, where dynamic slot allocation is optimized based on real-time factors such as sunlight exposure and demand. The case study underscores the capacity for real-time adaptability and system consistency under varying conditions. By addressing limitations of existing Petri net extensions, the approach offers a scalable and unified approach for modeling intelligent and adaptive Cyber-Physical Systems.