Protein engineering to overcome limitations of key cytokines in cancer immunotherapy: current approaches and future perspectives

-targeting are also discussed. For local administration, we review protein modifications intended to increase prevalence in the tumor, including increased size, adhesion to the extracellular matrix, targeting tumor-associated antigens, or targeting immune effector cells in the TME. Looking ahead, we anticipate the development of novel approaches such as reversible, context-dependent switches, and an increasing number of combinations of individual modifications.