Comparison of Electrocardiographic Criteria for Identifying Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Athletes from Different Sports Modalities

180 male athletes grouped according to their sport modality: 67% low-static and high-dynamic components and 33% high-static and high-dynamic components of exercise.

Five electrocardiogram criteria used to detect left ventricular hypertrophy (Perugia, Cornell, Romhilt-Estes, Sokolow-Lyon, and Gubner).

Echocardiogram parameters as the gold standard for diagnosing left ventricular hypertrophy (left ventricular mass index ≥134 g.m-2, relative wall thickness ≥0.42 mm, left ventricular diastolic diameter index ≥32 mm.m-2, septum wall thickness ≥13 mm, and posterior wall thickness ≥13 mm).

Diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, and kappa coefficient) of electrocardiogram criteria for detecting left ventricular hypertrophy.surrogate